* Solar Array (group of solar panels) ~ The number of panels and overall wattage capability required depends upon how much energy you need and the amount of sunlight your property receives.
An off grid solar system requires a fairly large area in a location that is exposed to uninterrupted sunlight for as much of the day as possible. The roof (of the house or other structure) usually fits these criteria although posts, walls and the ground are also suitable areas.
* Charge controller (regulator) ~ The regulator prevents the batteries from over or under charging. Situated between the solar array and batteries, the regulator significantly extends the life of the battery bank (an important consideration when you look at the cost of replacing batteries).
* Deep Cycle Batteries ~ The number of batteries required will increase with the size of the array, it is definitely better, from a "wear and tear" point of view, to have too many batteries than too few. Batteries are the one component of your system that will need maintenance and occasional replacement. Proper maintenance of batteries can double their life and save you big bucks.
* Inverter ~ The solar panels collect sunlight as 12 volt (DC) energy which is transported to and stored by the deep cycle batteries. In this form the energy will run any appliance or device that uses 12 volt power (that has a plug that fits into a vehicle cigarette lighter). 12 volt power does NOT run most household appliances or electronics. Mostly, households use 110 volt (AC) power and that's where the inverter comes in. An inverter converts the power from 12 volt to 110 volt for use in your home.
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